DelphiでGPIB通信をする
GPIBを使う測定器と通信する必要があったので、Delphiでやってみました。
今更GPIBってどうなんでしょうね（
そもそもGPIBとはなにか
GPIB（General Purpose Interface Bus）とはIEEE 488またはHP-IB（Hewlett-Packard Insturument Bus)とも呼ばれます。
デイジーチェーン接続により、1つのバスを15個までのデバイスで共有できます。
昔は測定器のリモート制御などによく使われていたそうですが、USBが主流になってきたことで姿を消していきます。
前準備
まず、今どきのPCのにGPIBが挿さるコネクタなどないので、USB変換します。
今回使ったのはこれです。
これを使うためのドライバー等をインストールします。
KeysightのホームページからIO Library Suiteをダウンロードしてインストールします。
Keysight IOライブラリ・スイートのダウンロード・アーカイブ：すべてのダウンロード | Keysight
インストール時の注意点としては、「Keysight VISA as primary VISA」にチェックを入れておくことです。
Delphiでの実装
visa32.dllをDelphiから呼び出して各関数を実行することで色々できます。
dllのロードはとりあえず使いそうなところの最小限で済ませました。
unit TsuVISA; interface uses Winapi.Windows, System.SysUtils, System.AnsiStrings, System.Classes ; const visa_dll = 'visa32.dll'; // visa_dll = 'C:\Windows\System32\visa32.dll'; // visa_dll = 'C:\Program Files\IVI Foundation\VISA\Win64\agvisa\agbin\Visa32.dll'; {$region' Completion Codes '} VI_SUCCESS = 0; VI_SUCCESS_EVENT_EN = $3FFF0002; VI_SUCCESS_EVENT_DIS = $3FFF0003; VI_SUCCESS_QUEUE_EMPTY = $3FFF0004; VI_SUCCESS_TERM_CHAR = $3FFF0005; VI_SUCCESS_MAX_CNT = $3FFF0006; VI_WARN_QUEUE_OVERFLOW = $3FFF000C; VI_WARN_CONFIG_NLOADED = $3FFF0077; VI_SUCCESS_DEV_NPRESENT = $3FFF007D; VI_SUCCESS_TRIG_MAPPED = $3FFF007E; VI_SUCCESS_QUEUE_NEMPTY = $3FFF0080; VI_WARN_NULL_OBJECT = $3FFF0082; VI_WARN_NSUP_ATTR_STATE = $3FFF0084; VI_WARN_UNKNOWN_STATUS = $3FFF0085; VI_WARN_NSUP_BUF = $3FFF0088; VI_SUCCESS_NCHAIN = $3FFF0098; VI_SUCCESS_NESTED_SHARED = $3FFF0099; VI_SUCCESS_NESTED_EXCLUSIVE = $3FFF009A; VI_SUCCESS_SYNC = $3FFF009B; {$endregion} {$region' Error Codes '} VI_WARN_EXT_FUNC_NIMPL = $3FFF00A9; VI_ERROR_SYSTEM_ERROR = $BFFF0000; VI_ERROR_INV_OBJECT = $BFFF000E; VI_ERROR_RSRC_LOCKED = $BFFF000F; VI_ERROR_INV_EXPR = $BFFF0010; VI_ERROR_RSRC_NFOUND = $BFFF0011; VI_ERROR_INV_RSRC_NAME = $BFFF0012; VI_ERROR_INV_ACC_MODE = $BFFF0013; VI_ERROR_TMO = $BFFF0015; VI_ERROR_CLOSING_FAILED = $BFFF0016; VI_ERROR_INV_DEGREE = $BFFF001B; VI_ERROR_INV_JOB_ID = $BFFF001C; VI_ERROR_NSUP_ATTR = $BFFF001D; VI_ERROR_NSUP_ATTR_STATE = $BFFF001E; VI_ERROR_ATTR_READONLY = $BFFF001F; VI_ERROR_INV_LOCK_TYPE = $BFFF0020; VI_ERROR_INV_ACCESS_KEY = $BFFF0021; VI_ERROR_INV_EVENT = $BFFF0026; VI_ERROR_INV_MECH = $BFFF0027; VI_ERROR_HNDLR_NINSTALLED = $BFFF0028; VI_ERROR_INV_HNDLR_REF = $BFFF0029; VI_ERROR_INV_CONTEXT = $BFFF002A; VI_ERROR_QUEUE_OVERFLOW = $BFFF002D; VI_ERROR_NENABLED = $BFFF002F; VI_ERROR_ABORT = $BFFF0030; VI_ERROR_RAW_WR_PROT_VIOL = $BFFF0034; VI_ERROR_RAW_RD_PROT_VIOL = $BFFF0035; VI_ERROR_OUTP_PROT_VIOL = $BFFF0036; VI_ERROR_INP_PROT_VIOL = $BFFF0037; VI_ERROR_BERR = $BFFF0038; VI_ERROR_IN_PROGRESS = $BFFF0039; VI_ERROR_INV_SETUP = $BFFF003A; VI_ERROR_QUEUE_ERROR = $BFFF003B; VI_ERROR_ALLOC = $BFFF003C; VI_ERROR_INV_MASK = $BFFF003D; VI_ERROR_IO = $BFFF003E; VI_ERROR_INV_FMT = $BFFF003F; VI_ERROR_NSUP_FMT = $BFFF0041; VI_ERROR_LINE_IN_USE = $BFFF0042; VI_ERROR_NSUP_MODE = $BFFF0046; VI_ERROR_SRQ_NOCCURRED = $BFFF004A; VI_ERROR_INV_SPACE = $BFFF004E; VI_ERROR_INV_OFFSET = $BFFF0051; VI_ERROR_INV_WIDTH = $BFFF0052; VI_ERROR_NSUP_OFFSET = $BFFF0054; VI_ERROR_NSUP_VAR_WIDTH = $BFFF0055; VI_ERROR_WINDOW_NMAPPED = $BFFF0057; VI_ERROR_RESP_PENDING = $BFFF0059; VI_ERROR_NLISTENERS = $BFFF005F; VI_ERROR_NCIC = $BFFF0060; VI_ERROR_NSYS_CNTLR = $BFFF0061; VI_ERROR_NSUP_OPER = $BFFF0067; VI_ERROR_INTR_PENDING = $BFFF0068; VI_ERROR_ASRL_PARITY = $BFFF006A; VI_ERROR_ASRL_FRAMING = $BFFF006B; VI_ERROR_ASRL_OVERRUN = $BFFF006C; VI_ERROR_TRIG_NMAPPED = $BFFF006E; VI_ERROR_NSUP_ALIGN_OFFSET = $BFFF0070; VI_ERROR_USER_BUF = $BFFF0071; VI_ERROR_RSRC_BUSY = $BFFF0072; VI_ERROR_NSUP_WIDTH = $BFFF0076; VI_ERROR_INV_PARAMETER = $BFFF0078; VI_ERROR_INV_PROT = $BFFF0079; VI_ERROR_INV_SIZE = $BFFF007B; VI_ERROR_WINDOW_MAPPED = $BFFF0080; VI_ERROR_NIMPL_OPER = $BFFF0081; VI_ERROR_INV_LENGTH = $BFFF0083; VI_ERROR_INV_MODE = $BFFF0091; VI_ERROR_SESN_NLOCKED = $BFFF009C; VI_ERROR_MEM_NSHARED = $BFFF009D; VI_ERROR_LIBRARY_NFOUND = $BFFF009E; VI_ERROR_NSUP_INTR = $BFFF009F; VI_ERROR_INV_LINE = $BFFF00A0; VI_ERROR_FILE_ACCESS = $BFFF00A1; VI_ERROR_FILE_IO = $BFFF00A2; VI_ERROR_NSUP_LINE = $BFFF00A3; VI_ERROR_NSUP_MECH = $BFFF00A4; VI_ERROR_INTF_NUM_NCONFIG = $BFFF00A5; VI_ERROR_CONN_LOST = $BFFF00A6; VI_ERROR_MACHINE_NAVAIL = $BFFF00A7; VI_ERROR_NPERMISSION = $BFFF00A8; {$endregion} {$region' Values and Ranges '} VI_NULL = 0; {$endregion} {$region' Attribute '} VI_ATTR_RSRC_NAME = $BFFF0002; VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE = $3FFF001A; {$endregion} VI_FIND_BUFLEN = 256; type ViStatus = UInt32; ViUInt32 = UInt32; ViObject = ViUInt32; ViPObject = ^ViObject; ViSession = ViObject; ViPSession = ^ViSession; ViChar = AnsiChar; ViPChar = ^ViChar; ViString = AnsiString; ViPString = ^ViString; ViRsrc = ViString; ViAccessMode = ViUInt32; ViAttr = ViUInt32; ViConstString = string; ViAttrState = ViUInt32; ViFindList = ViObject; ViInstrDesc = array [0..VI_FIND_BUFLEN-1] of ViChar; ViByte = Byte; ViPByte = ^ViByte; ViBuf = ViPByte; ViPBuf = ViPByte; TTscVISA = class(TObject) private FDefaultRM : ViSession; FINSTR : ViSession; FHandle : HMODULE; FDeviceList : TStringList; FIsOpen : Boolean; FTimeOut : UInt32; procedure StatusCheck(state:ViStatus); procedure GetAttribute(attr:ViAttr;out attrState:ViAttrState); function SetAttribute(attr:ViAttr; attrState:ViAttrState):Boolean; function CheckOpen:Boolean; procedure SetTimeOut(val:UInt32); function GetTimeOut:UInt32; public constructor Create; procedure FindList; function Open(adr:ViString):Boolean; function Close:Boolean; procedure Write(mess: ViString; count:ViUInt32; var retCount:ViUInt32); function Read(count:ViUInt32; var retCount:ViUInt32):ViString; property DeviceList : TStringList read FDeviceList; property IsOpen : Boolean read FIsOpen; property TimeOut : UInt32 read FTimeOut write SetTimeOut; end; EVISAError = class(Exception); {$region' visa32.dll Call '} //var // viAssertIntrSignal // viAssertTrigger // viAssertUtilSignal // viBufRead function viBufWrite(vi:ViSession; buf:ViBuf; count:ViUInt32; var retCount:ViUInt32):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viBufWrite'; // viClear function viClose(vi:ViObject):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viClose'; // viDisableEvent // viDiscardEvents // viEnableEvent // viEventHandler function viFindNext(findlist : ViFindList; out instrDesc:ViInstrDesc):ViStatus; stdcall; external visa_dll name 'viFindNext'; function viFindRsrc(vi:ViSession; expr:ViString; out findList:ViFindList; out retcnt:ViUInt32; out instrDesc:ViInstrDesc):ViStatus; stdcall; external visa_dll name 'viFindRsrc'; //// viFlush function viGetAttribute(vi:ViSession; attribute:ViAttr; out attrState:ViAttrState):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viGetAttribute'; // viGpibCommand // viGpibControlATN // viGpibControlREN // viGpibPassControl // viGpibSendIFC // viIn8/viIn16/viIn32/viIn64 // viIn8Ex/viIn16Ex/viIn32Ex/viIn64Ex // viInstallHandler // viLock // viMapAddress/viMapAddressEx // viMapTrigger // viMemAlloc/viMemAllocEx // viMemFree/viMemFreeEx // viMove/viMoveEx // viMoveAsync/viMoveAsyncEx // viMoveIn8/viMoveIn16/viMoveIn32/viMoveIn64 // viMoveIn8Ex/viMoveIn16Ex/viMoveIn32Ex/viMoveIn64Ex // viMoveOut8/viMoveOut16/viMoveOut32/viMoveOut64 // viMoveOut8Ex/viMoveOut16Ex/viMoveOut32Ex/viMoveOut64Ex // function viOpen(sesn:ViSession; rsrcName:ViRsrc; accessMode:ViAccessMode; openTimeout:ViUInt32; out vi:ViSession):ViStatus; function viOpen(sesn:ViSession; rsrcName:ViString; accessMode:ViAccessMode; openTimeout:ViUInt32; out vi:ViSession):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viOpen'; function viOpenDefaultRM(out sesn:ViSession):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viOpenDefaultRM'; // viOut8/viOut16/viOut32/viOut64 // viOut8Ex/viOut16Ex/viOut32Ex/viOut64Ex // viParseRsrc // viParseRsrcEx // viPeek8/viPeek16/viPeek32/viPeek64 // viPoke8/viPoke16/viPoke32/viPoke64 // function viPrintf(vi:ViSession;writeFmt:ViConstString;params:UInt32):ViStatus; // stdcall; External visa32_dll name 'viPrintf'; // viQueryf function viRead(vi:ViSession; var buf:ViInstrDesc; count:ViUInt32; var retCount:ViUInt32):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viRead'; // viReadAsync // viReadSTB // viReadToFile // viScanf function viSetAttribute(vi:ViSession; attribute:ViAttr; attrState:ViAttrState):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viSetAttribute'; // viSetBuf // viSPrintf // viSScanf // viStatusDesc // viTerminate // viUninstallHandler // viUnlock // viUnmapAddress // viUnmapTrigger // viUsbControlIn // viUsbControlOut // viVPrintf // viVQueryf // viVScanf // viVSPrintf // viVSScanf // viVxiCommandQuery // viWaitOnEvent function viWrite(vi:ViSession; buf:ViString; count:ViUInt32; var retCount:ViUInt32):ViStatus; stdcall; External visa_dll name 'viWrite'; // viWriteAsync // viWriteFromFile {$endregion} implementation constructor TTscVISA.Create; var val : ViUInt32; begin FIsOpen := False; FDeviceList := TStringList.Create; StatusCheck(viOpenDefaultRM(FDefaultRM)); FindList; end; procedure TTscVISA.StatusCheck(state: Cardinal); var mess : string; begin case state of VI_SUCCESS : Exit; VI_ERROR_RSRC_NFOUND : mess := 'Insufficient location information or resource not present in the system.'; VI_ERROR_INV_EXPR : mess := 'Invalid expression specified for search.'; VI_ERROR_USER_BUF : mess := 'A specified user buffer is not valid or cannot be accessed for the required size.'; VI_ERROR_INV_RSRC_NAME: mess := 'Invalid resource reference specified. Parsing error.'; VI_ERROR_NSUP_OPER : mess := 'The given vi does not support this operation.'; VI_ERROR_TMO : mess := 'Timeout expired before operation completed.'; else mess := IntToHex(state); end; raise EVISAError.Create(mess); end; procedure TTscVISA.FindList; var list : ViFindList; count : ViUInt32; buffer : ViInstrDesc; begin StatusCheck(viFindRsrc(FDefaultRM, '?*', list, count, buffer)); FDeviceList.Add(buffer); while FDeviceList.Count <> count do begin StatusCheck(viFindNext(list, buffer)); FDeviceList.Add(buffer); end; end; function TTscVISA.Open(adr: ViString): Boolean; var res : ViStatus; opend : Boolean; val : ViUInt32; begin try try StatusCheck(viOpen(FDefaultRM, adr, VI_NULL, VI_NULL, FINSTR)); FIsOpen := True; except FIsOpen := False; end; finally FTimeOut := GetTimeOut; Result := FIsOpen; end; end; procedure TTscVISA.GetAttribute(attr: Cardinal; out attrState:ViAttrState); begin if CheckOpen then StatusCheck(viGetAttribute(FINSTR, attr, attrState)); end; function TTscVISA.Close: Boolean; begin try try StatusCheck(viClose(FINSTR)); FIsOpen := False; except FIsOpen := True; end; finally Result := not FIsOpen; end; end; procedure TTscVISA.Write(mess: ViString; count:ViUInt32; var retCount:ViUInt32); begin if CheckOpen then StatusCheck(viWrite(FINSTR, mess, count, retCount)); end; function TTscVISA.Read(count: Cardinal; var retCount: Cardinal): AnsiString; var res : ViPBuf; res_str : ViInstrDesc; begin if CheckOpen then begin StatusCheck(viRead(FINSTR, res_str, count, retCount)); Result := LeftStr(res_str, retCount); end; end; function TTscVISA.CheckOpen: Boolean; begin if not FIsOpen then raise EVISAError.Create('The device is not open'); Result := FIsOpen; end; function TTscVISA.SetAttribute(attr: Cardinal; attrState: Cardinal):Boolean; var res : Boolean; begin res := False; if CheckOpen then begin try StatusCheck(viSetAttribute(FINSTR, attr, attrState)); res := True; except res := False; end; end; Result := res; end; procedure TTscVISA.SetTimeOut(val: Cardinal); begin if SetAttribute(VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, val) then begin FTimeOut := GetTimeOut; end; end; function TTscVISA.GetTimeOut: Cardinal; var tmo : UInt32; begin GetAttribute(VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, tmo); Result := tmo; end; end.
現状最小限の実装ではありますが、とりあえずOpen/Closeや、デバイス一覧の取得、データの読み書きはこれでできています。
IO Library SuiteのIO Monitorでも通信の状況を取得して確認することができるのでデバッグは楽ですね。
